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Historical Essay

The First Book Printed in Wisconsin

The Printer and the Priest
Discover how Wisconsin got its first printing press, and the impact that a Catholic priest would have on Ho-Chunk literacy.
Historical Essay

Early Tourism and Wisconsin Dells

How One Family Helped Build the Modern Tourist Destination
Discover how Wisconsin Dells came to prominence as a Midwestern tourism institution.
Historical Essay

Was Nicolet Really the First European in Wisconsin?

An Unreliable Text and Other Evidence
Wisconsin History books teach that Jean Nicolet was the first white person to reach the state, but he may have been the second.
Historical Essay

The Surrender and Captivity of Ho-Chunk Warrior Red Bird

A Warrior Prepared to Die is Disappointed
Discover the story of a Ho-Chunk warrior who surrenders and is grieved at receiving a fair trial.
Historical Essay

Chief Dandy and the White Settlers

Some Interesting Stories of the Winnebago Chief
Read about Ho-Chunk Chief Dandy's interesting and friendly interactions with white settlers in Wisconsin, even while he was a fugitive.
Historical Essay

The Trial of Chief Oshkosh

The Clash of U.S Law and Indian Legal Tradition
Learn how the trial of Menominee Chief Oshkosh, one of the most famous in Wisconsin history, pitted Indian traditional justice against white man's law.
Historical Essay

The Battle of Wisconsin Heights, 1832

Read about the desperate 1832 battle near Madison, WI, of the starving Sauk, Fox and Kickapoo Native Americans against the British and the Ho-Chunk.
Historical Essay

The Iroquois Wars

New Tribes Brought to Wisconsin by French Commerce
Learn how contact with Europeans, the fur trade and warfare among their tribes drove many Indians to the Wisconsin territory in the 17th century.
Historical Essay

Colonialism and Indian Life in Wisconsin

How Native Life was Transformed
Discover how white contact disrupted and transformed Indian life in Wisconsin in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Historical Essay

The Black Hawk War

A Misunderstanding Leads to Massacre
Discover how a Treaty Misunderstanding led to the Massacre of Thousands of Sauk Indians
Historical Essay

Early U.S. Settlement

Military Outposts in Wisconsin
Read how American forts were established and settlement increased in Wisconsin after the War of 1812.
Historical Essay

Treaty Councils, from Prairie du Chien to Madeline Island

How the Natives Lost Their Land
Learn about the many treaties between the United States government and native tribes.

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