The first Calumet County Courthouse in Chilton, begun in 1859, was plagued with bad luck. First, disputes and lawsuits delayed the completion of the structure and then the building's general contractor was elected to the Assembly and stopped working on the project. The building was demolished in 1882, and the stone used for the construction of a new building.

The current Calumet County Courthouse was built in 1913, after fire destroyed the 1882 courthouse. The three-story building is similar to the Taylor County Courthouse in Medford, Wisconsin. The same architect, B. Mehner, designed both of these buildings. The classically inspired Courthouse has a low center dome, a concrete trimmed brick parapet (a protective railing or wall along the edge of the roof), and a two story portico. The building is constructed with brick veneer on the two upper stories and concrete on the first floor.

The name Calumet County derives from the Menominee word "Chalumet," which means peace. In fact Calumet County's slogan is "We Extend the Calumet to All Mankind."

The Courthouse is open to the public during regular business hours.