223 N 4TH ST

223 N 4TH ST

Jackson

Black River Falls

1871

1975

school – elem/middle/jr high/high

Second Empire

Brick

W.h.j. Nichols

No

A 'site file' exists for this property. It contains additional information such as correspondence, newspaper clippings, or historical information. It is a public record and may be viewed in person at the Wisconsin Historical Society, State Historic Preservation Office. 3-STORY FRENCH SECOND EMPIRE BLDG W/CENTRAL TOWER RISING SOME 3 1/2 STORIES; GABLED DORMERS; SEGMENTAL MOLDS OVER 1ST FLOOR WINDOWS & SEMI-CIRCULAR SHAPED 2ND STORY WINDOWS. BLACK RIVER FALLS' FIRST BRICK HIGH SCHOOL BUILT AT A COST OF $30,000 TO MEET NEEDS OF EVER EXPANDING SCHOOL DISTRICT. WHEN THE SECOND HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING WAS COMPLETED IN 1897, THIS BUILDING WAS CONVERTED INTO AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. THE SCHOOL WAS CONVERTED TO ELDERLY HOUSING IN THE 1990S. In the 1840s, millwright Jacob Spaulding and his partners built a sawmill at the 20-foot cataract known as Black River Falls. Eventually a large complex of saw, shingle, lath, and grist mills and a sash and door factory supported a prosperous town. About 1905, the pinery was finally exhausted, bringing economic decline. Then in 1911, a flood washed out a series of dams that had been built to control the Black River for logging and milling, and a wave of destruction swept away most of the downtown. Union High School was one of the few survivors. Perched atop Price Hill, visible from every direction around, the former high school dominates the local skyline. Today the schoolhouse’s Second Empire design, the work of a La Crosse architect, seems especially old-fashioned, the kind of architecture we associate with haunted houses. But when the school opened in 1871, Second Empire was a sign of sophistication, urbanity, and prestige. The style originated in France during the Second Empire, the reign of Napoleon III (1852-1870). By the 1860s it had spread to the United States. It became so popular for public buildings during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) that some have nicknamed it the General Grant style. Union High School is an elaborate example for such a small community, suggesting the high value that the townspeople placed on public education. The three-story brick building culminates in a boxy attic mansard, the telltale mark of the style. Gambrel-roofed dormers light the attic, repeating the rhythm of the windows below. On the second story, a brick stringcourse runs around the schoolhouse, bouncing over round-arched windows. A central four-story bell tower rises high above the rest of the building, ending in its own mansard, this time with an iron widow’s walk. The tower’s top story features trios of arched windows and is trimmed above and below by pronounced cornices with scroll brackets. At one time, tardy children looked up anxiously at the clocks in the tower’s gambreled gables, but the round clock openings have since filled with brick nogging.

MELROSE CHRONICLE 4/13/1994. BLACK RIVER FALLS BANNER JOURNAL 8/21/1996. Buildings of Wisconsin manuscript.

Union High School

Jan 20, 1978

Jan 01, 1989