507 E Michigan St

507 E Michigan St

Milwaukee

Milwaukee

1902

1924

2004,2015,2016,2025

large office building

Neoclassical/Beaux Arts

Reinforced Concrete

Brick

Herman J. Esser (1902),Buemming & Guthrie (1924)

Y

No

A 'site file' exists for this property. It contains additional information such as correspondence, newspaper clippings, or historical information. It is a public record and may be viewed in person at the Wisconsin Historical Society, Division of Historic Preservation. An early reinforced concrete structure in Milwaukee. 2015: Built in the Neoclassical Revival style, this brick, seven-story building is oriented to the north (E. Michigan Street) and located in the southeast corner of N. Jefferson and E. Michigan Streets. The main entrance is arched with a concrete panel surround and slightly offset to the west (right). To either side are seemingly columns between which are windows, all tied together by a cornice, immediately above which is a more defined cornice. The second floor consists of nominally arched windows with keystones, above which is a subdued, brick belt course. Thereafter are four floors comprised of squared windows with ornamental keystones, after which is another cornice. The seventh floor consists of windows with scalloped surrounds, immediately above which is an elaborate, bracketed and ornamental cornice that crowns the building. A modern, seven-story addition that is equal size to the original block is attached to the eastern elevation. Warren S. Johnson patented in 1883 a design for an electric tele-thermoscope (a type of thermostat) and established in 1885 the Johnson Electric Service Company with John Plankinton. Johnson would eventually patent fifty inventions in the area of power derived from air, steam and fluid pressure; he died in 1911. The firm's first permanent headquarters and manufacturing building was constructed at the southeast corner of E. Michigan and N. Jefferson streets in 1902 at a cost of $100,000. Designed by Herman J. Esser, the brick-sheathed utilized the Ransome system of reinforced concrete construction that utilized the material for beams, joints and columns. A city designation report cites it as the first office building in Milwaukee built with the material. The company emerged as a national leaded in the thermo-regulation, battery and automotive part manufacturing industries. The building was used for manufacturing at least through the 1950s, a period a period in which necessary changes to the building were facilitated by the firm of Klug & Smith. It is used today as a Johnson Controls office building. Excellent example of a turn of the century factory building in nearly original condition. Utilized Ransome system of reinforced concrete construction. Incorporated in 1885, The Johnson Electric Service Company manufactured electric and pneumatic controls. It also was one of the earliest auto distributers in the city and continues to be a major manufacturing concern in Milwaukee. When it was constructed this building was claimed to be the largest reinforced concrete factory in the Northwest. Photo - Commercial Milwaukee, 1909, p. 138. Last surveyed in 1984 with a map code of 147/23 on map LUQS 396. The top level of the 1924 portion has been altered. 2025; The 1902 Johnson Service Company Building is a large Neoclassical Revival-style commercial office building designed by Herman J. Esser. The original footprint of the 1902 building, located at the southeast corner of East Michigan and North Jefferson Streets, is joined by several subsequent additions dating to the ‘40s, ‘50s, and ‘60s whose combined form assume the perimeter of an entire city block, spanning East Michigan, North Jackson, East Clybourn, and North Jefferson Streets. Brengel Technology Center at the building’s east is the latest addition, constructed in 2000 for apartments and office units. It replaced the 1924 addition designed by Buemming & Guthrie. The addition’s L-shaped footprint enclosed the lot and formed the central courtyard at the adjunct. Due to the varying construction periods, the conglomeration of buildings is of irregular massing, and range from one and a half to seven floors in height. They share predominately red brick cladding, replacement windows, and flat roofs. The 1902 Johnson Service Company Building itself is seven stories high with a rectilinear footprint. The principal façade fronts onto East Michigan Street where the decentralized entryway’s voussoir surround is engraved with a “JOHNSON SERVICE COMPANY” plaque at the header. The red brick construction is horizontally divided by stone string coursings that project at the lower and uppermost levels. The remaining levels are visually organized by sill lines that rest under each pair of symmetrically spaced windows. Windows are predominately paired rectangular replacements, although replacement segmental arched windows are reserved for the second floor, with divided metal storefront type windows at the first. The flat roof is supported by a brick entablature held up by carved stone corbels and topped with a stone cornice. Architectural details include stone sills and keystones, parallel coursings of brick trim, and decorative corbeled brickwork –appearing in diamond and circular forms at the entablature. This resource was evaluated for the National Register under Criteria A, B, and C. Under Criteria A: History and B: People, Warren Johnson first founded the Milwaukee Electric Manufacturing Company in 1883 to market his inventions, including the first practical thermostat capable of regulating individual room temperatures. His completely mechanical, automatic, multi-zone temperature control system revolutionized climate control and many of its principles are still employed today. Later known as the Johnson Electric Service company, the business occupied several locations in the city before constructing its permanent headquarters at 507 East Michigan Street and expanded its footprint in 1924. Johnson played a prominent role in the development of commercial wireless telegraphs, automobiles, and large pneumatic tower clocks, but by the early 1910s, the company focused on automatic climate controls for large public and commercial buildings. In subsequent decades, the company diversified into controls for air conditioning, fire, and security systems, including instrument controls for a variety of applications in energy and industrial use. The company changed its name to Johnson Controls Inc. in 1974 and remains a world leader in computerized controls for large building automation. The subject property is associated with the company throughout much of its existence, serving as the first permanent company headquarters, office, and manufacturing facility of one of Milwaukee’s most significant manufacturers; the property remained the main office until 1980. It retains sufficient integrity to the period of significance and is therefore potentially eligible under Criterion A: History.

Comm. File - Johnson Electric. Milwaukee's Trades and Industries, p. 155. Commercial Milwaukee, 1909, p. 138. “Johnson Controls Automatic Temperature Control System: A Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark” (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, May 28, 2008), 7. City of Milwaukee Department of City Development, Central Business District Historic Resources Survey, 56–57. Historic Preservation Commission City of Milwaukee, Historic Designation Study Report: Johnson Service Company Building, November 16, 1998, 2-3. Tom Daykin, “Johnson Controls Former Downtown Complex is Empty. New Uses to Include Office Tenants, Apartments,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 13, 2024. https://www.jsonline.com/story/money/real-estate/commercial/2024/11/13/development-effort-launched-at-former-johnson-controls-milwaukee-site/76114121007/.

Not Listed