In the United States, the federal government recognizes Indian tribes as independent and sovereign powers. Sovereignty is the right of a nation or group of people to be self-governing. Indians are United States citizens and also citizens of their tribes. Like other Americans, Indians are subject to federal laws, but they are not always subject to state laws because Indian reservations are held in trust by the federal government. A government-to-government relationship exists between each sovereign tribe and the U.S. government. Today, eleven federally recognized Indian tribes call Wisconsin home (the Brothertown tribe filed a petition for recognition in 1996... more...
![Link to article: A Menominee superintendent discusses changes on the reservation, 1935](/turningpoints/images/article.gif) | A Menominee superintendent discusses changes on the reservation, 1935 |
![Link to article: Menominee lands are threatened with allotment, 1925](/turningpoints/images/article.gif) | Menominee lands are threatened with allotment, 1925 |
![Link to article: The Oneidas claim land in New York](/turningpoints/images/article.gif) | The Oneidas claim land in New York |
![Link to article: An examination of treaty rights in Northern Wisconsin, 1989-1990](/turningpoints/images/article.gif) | An examination of treaty rights in Northern Wisconsin, 1989-1990 |
![Link to article: "Indian News" from the Voice of the Winnebago, 1931-1949](/turningpoints/images/article.gif) | "Indian News" from the Voice of the Winnebago, 1931-1949 |
![Link to article: Menominee Vocabulary, 1893](/turningpoints/images/article.gif) | Menominee Vocabulary, 1893 |
![Link to artifacts: Athletic shoes embellished with a traditional artform](/turningpoints/images/artifacts.gif) | Athletic shoes embellished with a traditional artform |
![Link to artifacts: Anti-spearfishing concrete walleye decoy](/turningpoints/images/artifacts.gif) | Anti-spearfishing concrete walleye decoy
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![Link to book: An Indian commission examines treaty rights and racism, ca. 1989](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | An Indian commission examines treaty rights and racism, ca. 1989 |
![Link to book: Conditions on Wisconsin Indian reservations, 1909-1910](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | Conditions on Wisconsin Indian reservations, 1909-1910 |
![Link to book: A survey of Milwaukee's Indian population, 1962](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | A survey of Milwaukee's Indian population, 1962 |
![Link to book: The Human Rights Commission surveys Wisconsin Indians in 1966](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | The Human Rights Commission surveys Wisconsin Indians in 1966 |
![Link to book: Excerpts from a tribal cookbook](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | Excerpts from a tribal cookbook |
![Link to book: Conditions in Wisconsin Indian communities in 1929](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | Conditions in Wisconsin Indian communities in 1929 |
![Link to book: A Ho-Chunk grammar textbook, 1945](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | A Ho-Chunk grammar textbook, 1945 |
![Link to book: A modern dictionary of the Menominee language](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | A modern dictionary of the Menominee language |
![Link to book: Stockbridge and Munsee Testimony, 1892](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | Stockbridge and Munsee Testimony, 1892 |
![Link to book: Report on the Menominee at Termination, 1958](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | Report on the Menominee at Termination, 1958 |
![Link to book: A Tourist Brochure for Shawano and the Menominee Indian Reservation, ca. 1925](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | A Tourist Brochure for Shawano and the Menominee Indian Reservation, ca. 1925 |
![Link to book: A Tourist Brochure for Marinette Co., ca. 1923](/turningpoints/images/book.gif) | A Tourist Brochure for Marinette Co., ca. 1923 |
![Link to collections: The Killing of Chief Joe White (Gishkitawag), 1894](/turningpoints/images/collections.gif) | The Killing of Chief Joe White (Gishkitawag), 1894 |
![Link to images: Pictures of the Ojibwe in the 19th and 20th centuries.](/turningpoints/images/images.gif) | Pictures of the Ojibwe in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
![Link to images: Pictures of the Menominee in the 19th and 20th centuries.](/turningpoints/images/images.gif) | Pictures of the Menominee in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
![Link to images: Pictures of the Ho-Chunk in the 19th and 20th centuries.](/turningpoints/images/images.gif) | Pictures of the Ho-Chunk in the 19th and 20th centuries. |
![Link to images: Pictures of the Potawatomi from the 1820's to the 1920's](/turningpoints/images/images.gif) | Pictures of the Potawatomi from the 1820's to the 1920's |
![Link to manuscript: Brief Ho-Chunk Language Vocabularies, 1830-1930](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | Brief Ho-Chunk Language Vocabularies, 1830-1930 |
![Link to manuscript: A Long Ho-Chunk Vocabulary, 1880](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | A Long Ho-Chunk Vocabulary, 1880 |
![Link to manuscript: Brief Potawatomi Language Vocabularies, 1920-1932.](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | Brief Potawatomi Language Vocabularies, 1920-1932. |
![Link to manuscript: Alfred Bridgman's English-Menominee word list from the 1870s](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | Alfred Bridgman's English-Menominee word list from the 1870s |
![Link to manuscript: Frank Bridgman's Menominee vocabulary, 1878](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | Frank Bridgman's Menominee vocabulary, 1878 |
![Link to manuscript: Testimony taken at Hayward, Wisconsin, April 23 & 24, 1934](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | Testimony taken at Hayward, Wisconsin, April 23 & 24, 1934 |
![Link to manuscript: Suburban high school students try to interpret Menominee culture in 1936](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | Suburban high school students try to interpret Menominee culture in 1936 |
![Link to manuscript: A 1961 soil survey of the Menominee Indian Reservation](/turningpoints/images/manuscript.gif) | A 1961 soil survey of the Menominee Indian Reservation |